• 开发工具

    开发工具

    本章中描述的各模块可帮你编写 Python 程序。例如，pydoc 模块接受一个模块并根据该模块的内容来生成文档。doctest 和 unittest 这两个模块包含了用于编写单元测试的框架，并可用于自动测试所编写的代码，验证预期的输出是否产生。2to3 程序能够将 Python 2.x 源代码翻译成有效的 Python 3.x 源代码。

    本章中描述的模块列表是：

    • typing —- 类型标注支持
      • 类型别名
      • NewType
      • Callable
      • 泛型(Generic)
      • 用户定义的泛型类型
      • Any 类型
      • Nominal vs structural subtyping
      • 类,函数和修饰器.
    • pydoc —- Documentation generator and online help system
    • doctest —- 测试交互性的Python示例
      • 简单用法：检查Docstrings中的示例
      • Simple Usage: Checking Examples in a Text File
      • How It Works
        • Which Docstrings Are Examined?
        • How are Docstring Examples Recognized?
        • What's the Execution Context?
        • What About Exceptions?
        • Option Flags
        • Directives
        • 警告
      • Basic API
      • Unittest API
      • Advanced API
        • DocTest 对象
        • Example Objects
        • DocTestFinder 对象
        • DocTestParser 对象
        • DocTestRunner 对象
        • OutputChecker 对象
      • 调试
      • Soapbox
    • unittest —- 单元测试框架
      • 基本实例
      • 命令行界面
        • 命令行选项
      • 探索性测试
      • 组织你的测试代码
      • 复用已有的测试代码
      • 跳过测试与预计的失败
      • Distinguishing test iterations using subtests
      • 类与函数
        • 测试用例
          • Deprecated aliases
        • Grouping tests
        • Loading and running tests
          • load_tests Protocol
      • Class and Module Fixtures
        • setUpClass and tearDownClass
        • setUpModule and tearDownModule
      • Signal Handling
    • unittest.mock —- mock对象库
      • Quick Guide
      • The Mock Class
        • Calling
        • Deleting Attributes
        • Mock names and the name attribute
        • Attaching Mocks as Attributes
      • The patchers
        • patch
        • patch.object
        • patch.dict
        • patch.multiple
        • patch methods: start and stop
        • patch builtins
        • TEST_PREFIX
        • Nesting Patch Decorators
        • Where to patch
        • Patching Descriptors and Proxy Objects
      • MagicMock and magic method support
        • Mocking Magic Methods
        • Magic Mock
      • Helpers
        • sentinel
        • DEFAULT
        • call
        • create_autospec
        • ANY
        • FILTER_DIR
        • mock_open
        • Autospeccing
        • Sealing mocks
    • unittest.mock 上手指南
      • 使用 mock
        • 模拟方法调用
        • 对象上的方法调用的 mock
        • Mocking Classes
        • Naming your mocks
        • Tracking all Calls
        • Setting Return Values and Attributes
        • Raising exceptions with mocks
        • Side effect functions and iterables
        • Mocking asynchronous iterators
        • Mocking asynchronous context manager
        • Creating a Mock from an Existing Object
      • Patch Decorators
      • Further Examples
        • Mocking chained calls
        • Partial mocking
        • Mocking a Generator Method
        • Applying the same patch to every test method
        • Mocking Unbound Methods
        • Checking multiple calls with mock
        • Coping with mutable arguments
        • Nesting Patches
        • Mocking a dictionary with MagicMock
        • Mock subclasses and their attributes
        • Mocking imports with patch.dict
        • Tracking order of calls and less verbose call assertions
        • More complex argument matching
    • 2to3 - 自动将 Python 2 代码转为 Python 3 代码
      • 使用 2to3
      • 修复器
      • lib2to3 —— 2to3 支持库
    • test —- Regression tests package for Python
      • Writing Unit Tests for the test package
      • Running tests using the command-line interface
    • test.support —- Utilities for the Python test suite
    • test.support.script_helper —- Utilities for the Python execution tests

    另请参看 Python 开发模式: -X dev 选项以及 PYTHONDEVMODE 环境变量。